Layer-1 blockchains are the foundation of cryptocurrencies, handling all transactions and ensuring security. Unlike Layer-2 networks, which aim to improve the scalability, speed, or other limitations of the main blockchains they’re built upon, Layer-1 protocols are independent and have their own consensus mechanisms and security models. 

Most Layer-1 blockchains have native tokens used for governance and gas fees. Like BTC is the native currency of Bitcoin, other chains have their own ecosystem tokens. 

In this list of Layer-1 blockchains, we share the top networks and explain how they differ.

20 Layer-1 Blockchains You Should Know 

1. Bitcoin

Bitcoin blockchain is the underlying technology that powers the world’s first cryptocurrency, BTC. Unlike many other Layer-1 blockchains, Bitcoin is a single-asset network, meaning there are no other tokens beyond BTC. 

2. Ethereum 

Ethereum is the most widely used blockchain after Bitcoin, and its native token, ETH, is one of the largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization. Ethereum is popular for decentralized applications (dApps) deployment as it’s suitable for various use cases like finance, gaming, and supply chain management.

3. Solana 

Solana is known for its fast transaction speeds and low fees, making it suitable for applications that require high throughput. Solana uses a unique consensus mechanism called Proof-of-History (PoH) to achieve high performance while maintaining security.

4. Avalanche 

Avalanche is a high-performance blockchain that uses a proprietary consensus mechanism called Avalanche Consensus. Avalanche is also known for its interoperability, allowing it to connect with other blockchains and networks and create custom subchains.

6. BNB Chain 

BNB Chain (formerly Binance Smart Chain) is a blockchain developed by Binance, one of the world's largest cryptocurrency exchanges. BNB Chain is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing developers to easily port their Ethereum-based applications to the platform. 

7. Cardano 

Cardano is a third-generation blockchain known for its security, scalability, and sustainability. It's known for its academic approach to development, with a focus on peer-reviewed research. Cardano uses a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism called Ouroboros.

8. Kaspa 

Kaspa is a scalable blockchain that uses the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) consensus mechanism. This mechanism allows for faster block times and higher transaction throughput. 

9. TRON

TRON's focus on scalability and cost-effectiveness has made it a popular choice for dApps that require high transaction volume. TRON achieves this by using a Delegated PoS consensus mechanism. 

10. Bitcoin Cash 

Bitcoin Cash is a hard fork of Bitcoin that was created in 2017. It differs from Bitcoin primarily in its block size, which is larger on Bitcoin Cash, allowing for faster transaction confirmation times and lower fees. 

11. NEAR 

NEAR Protocol is a decentralized application platform that uses a unique sharding technique called Nightshade to achieve high scalability.

12. Injective 

Injective Protocol is a Layer-1 blockchain specifically designed for decentralized exchanges and derivatives markets. It offers features like zero-knowledge proofs, cross-chain interoperability, and a permissionless order book, allowing users to trade assets with low fees and high security.

13. Cosmos 

Cosmos is a network of interconnected blockchains that enables interoperability between different ecosystems. It uses a hub-and-spoke model, where the Cosmos Hub acts as a central hub connecting various independent blockchains called zones. This allows for seamless communication and exchange of value between different chains.

14. TON 

TON (Telegram Open Network) was originally developed by Telegram, a popular messaging app. TON combines PoS with Delegated PoW for security and efficiency.

15. Theta Network 

Theta Network is a decentralized video streaming platform running on a Layer-1 blockchain to reduce reliance on centralized content delivery networks (CDNs). It uses a hybrid PoS and Proof-of-Contribution (PoC) consensus mechanism.

16. Tezos 

Tezos is a self-amending network that allows for on-chain governance. This means that the network can evolve and adapt over time through a series of on-chain votes and proposals. Tezos uses a consensus mechanism called Liquid PoS.

17. Flare 

Flare Network is a Layer-1 blockchain that brings smart contract functionality to assets on other blockchains, such as BTC and XRP. It uses a unique consensus mechanism called State Sync, which allows it to synchronize with the state of other blockchains for cross-chain interoperability.

18. Astar 

Astar Network is a hybrid sharded blockchain that combines the security of PoS with the scalability of parachains. This allows Astar to support a wide range of dApps while maintaining a high level of security.

19. XDC Network 

XDC Network (formerly known as XinFin Network) is an enterprise-grade blockchain that focuses on scalability and interoperability. It can handle a large number of transactions per second and integrate with existing financial systems. XDC Network also has its own stablecoin, XDC, which is pegged to the US dollar.

20. Aptos 

Aptos was developed by former engineers from Meta (Facebook). It's designed to be highly scalable and secure, with a focus on transaction speed and low latency.

Conclusion

Layer-1 blockchains are the pillars of the crypto ecosystem. Ethereum, BNB Chain, Solana, TRON, and TON lead the race with the highest market capitalization, while newer solutions like XDC Network and Tezos offer unique applications. The evolution and adoption of these Layer-1 networks will shape the entire crypto industry. 

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